Improved agricultural productivity and quality of animal products (meat, dairy) due to high quality feeds

Improved trade balance due to import substitution

Reduced malnutrition due to increased outputs of animal products

Greenhouse gas emissions from animal feed supply chains (18); water pollution, air pollution and land degradation caused directly by the increased livestock production (19)

Higher demand for crops and arable land for feed production. Crops make up a significant proportion of feed inputs.(20)

The use of feed additives affects feed efficiency, and animal and environmental performance (i.e. higher nitrogen and phosphorus flows may contribute to higher eutrophication and acidification potential).(21)

Water consumption for feed crop production reduces the amount of water available to other ecosystems.(22)

Execution risk: Inappropriate pricing strategies can result in farmers still not being able to buy quality feeds due to unaffordability.(23)

Unexpected impact risk as food price anomalies may arise

Contribute to improving the productivity and nutrients of the current livestock production, which in turn enhances Rwanda's food and nutritional situation.

National Agriculture Policy 2018: This policy identifies the need to invest in animal genetic improvement, and address animal feed and animal health challenges to increase availability of the output. Animal resources contribute to Rwanda's gross domestic product by expanding and commercializing animal feed value chains.(24)

Strategic Plan For Agriculture Transformation 2018-24 (PSTA 4): This plan promotes high potential livestock and aquaculture, while focusing on animal feed production and animal health to increase animal production.(25)

Rwanda Livestock Master Plan: This plan outlines interventions such as better genetics or feed and health services, which could help meet the national development plan targets by improving productivity in key livestock value chains.(26)

Strategic Plan for Animal Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rwanda: This plans aims at improving the quality and availability of animal feeds and fodder for enhanced productivity in the livestock sub-sector.(27)

Financial incentives: The government offers grants and special capital access for investors, who promote business and development in rural areas.(34)

Fiscal incentives: Investors in the agriculture sector enjoy duty free importation of all inputs. Agriculture equipment is exempt from tax. Registered investors who export 50% of the turnover of goods produced receive a 50% reduction in corporate income tax.(35)

Other incentives: Investors demonstrating capacity to add value and invest in priority sectors, such as agriculture, are offered greater incentives than those investing in non-priority sectors.(34)

Law N°16/2016 of 10/05/2016 on Plant Health Protection in Rwanda: This Act determines modalities for plant health protection as well as strategies for controlling and containing pests or diseases and matters related to living organisms.(28)

Ministerial Order Nº002/11.30 of 18/08/2010: This Act determines regulations about quality seeds production and control of seeds produced and marketed. It also appoints the Minister of Agriculture as the body determining the quality of seeds.(29)

Ministerial Order N°003/11.30 of 18/08/2010: This Act sets forth conditions required for marketing quality seeds. It outlines procedures that must be followed for marketing quality seeds and the conditions required, and describes the nature of quality seeds.(29)

Law N'005/2016 of 05/04/2016 - Governed Seeds and Plant Varieties in Rwanda: This Act regulates seed processing, packaging, seed establishment, certification, labelling etc.(30)

The Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources is responsible for all regulations and Ministerial orders and guidelines related to livestock.(31)

The Ministry of Health is responsible for all regulations and Ministerial orders and guidelines related to food production, allowed and prohibited ingredients and good manufacturing practices relating to consumables.(32)

The Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority is responsible for creating guidelines and registration and licensing procedures for food manufacturers.(33)

Biyinzika Rwanda Ltd, Kigali Animal Feeds Limited, Lake Kivu Aquaculture Co Ltd, Zamura Feeds Ltd, Agrotech

Rwandan Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI), Rwanda Development Board (RDB), Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB)

OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), World Bank (WB), European Investment Bank (EIB), African Development Bank (AfDB), KfW Development Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ)

Animal feed production should target regions with the largest need for animal feeding due to lack of feed and/or the relevant amount of livestock. The majority of cattle can be found in Rwanda's Eastern and Southern provinces.(36) Apart from the largest farms, the majority of chickens in rural areas are kept without proper feeding as scavengers (37). In Nyagatare Province (Eastern region), 38% of farmers reported not having access to quality feeds as one of the biggest constraints to business. (38)

Animal feed production should target regions with the largest need for animal feeding due to lack of feed and/or the relevant amount of livestock. The majority of cattle can be found in Rwanda's Eastern and Southern provinces.(36)