Access To Finance For MSMEs With a Focus on Smallholder Farmers
Access To Finance For MSMEs With a Focus on Smallholder Farmers
Business Model Description
Invest in solutions that leverage technology and innovative finance to boost access to key financial products for MSMEs, especially smallholder farming families that are dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. Illustrative examples of enterprises active in this space are:
The Agricultural Promotion Bank (APB) is a state-owned bank in Lao PDR that provides financial services to farmers and rural communities. It was established in 1975 and has since been providing loans and other financial services to farmers and rural communities [13]
Expected Impact
IOA supports MSMEs, promoting decent work and financial inclusion to stimulate growth and reduce income inequality in Lao PDR.
How is this information gathered?
Investment opportunities with potential to contribute to sustainable development are based on country-level SDG Investor Maps.
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Country & Regions
- Lao PDR: Vientiane Province
- Lao PDR: Champasak Province
- Lao PDR: Luang Prabang Province
- Lao PDR: Luang Prabang Province
Sector Classification
Financials
Development need
In Lao PDR, access to financial services remains a significant challenge, with only 26.8% of the adult population having an account at a formal financial institution. There's a critical need for financial inclusion, improved financial literacy, and access to credit for small businesses and marginalized communities. (1)(2)
Policy priority
Lao PDR's National Socio-Economic Development Plan (NSEDP) for 2021-2025 emphasizes the importance of expanding financial services to rural areas, improving financial sector stability, and strengthening the regulatory framework to promote inclusive growth.(3)
Gender inequalities and marginalization issues
In Lao PDR, only 23% of women have an account at a financial institution, compared to 31% of men. Women entrepreneurs face constraints in accessing finance due to limited collateral, credit history, and financial literacy. Addressing these challenges could foster gender equality and financial inclusion. (4)(5)
Investment opportunities introduction
Nearly 86% of current funding needs of MSMEs in Lao PDR remain unmet. Investment opportunities in Lao PDR's financial sector include microfinance institutions, digital financial services, and capacity building for financial literacy, which can contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction. (6) (18)
Key bottlenecks introduction
Key challenges in Lao PDR's financial sector include weak regulatory frameworks, insufficient financial infrastructure, and a lack of financial literacy among the population. These bottlenecks hinder the development of a more inclusive financial sector, limiting access to finance for underserved communities.(7)
Corporate and Retail Banking
Development need
Despite economic growth, Lao PDR's corporate and retail banking sector remains underdeveloped. Only about a third of the population has access to formal banking services, leaving a significant proportion of the populace and businesses underserved. This lack of access to financial services hampers economic development and growth.(8)
Policy priority
The Lao PDR government, in its 9th National Socio-Economic Development Plan, has identified the expansion of corporate and retail banking services as a primary goal. This plan underlines the importance of strengthening the banking sector to encourage economic development and growth.(9)
Gender inequalities and marginalization issues
Only about 29.1% of adults in Lao PDR have a bank account, with women having slightly higher access at 31.9%. This disparity in access to banking services, particularly in rural areas, highlights the necessity for more inclusive banking practices. (10)
Investment opportunities introduction
Significant opportunities exist for investment in the corporate and retail banking sector in Lao PDR. These include the expansion of banking services to rural areas, development of digital banking services, and provision of financial literacy programs (11)
Key bottlenecks introduction
The corporate and retail banking sector in Lao PDR faces key challenges such as a lack of financial literacy among the population, limited banking infrastructure in rural areas, and a need for stronger regulatory frameworks to ensure the stability and integrity of the banking sector (12)
Consumer Finance
Pipeline Opportunity
Access To Finance For MSMEs With a Focus on Smallholder Farmers
Invest in solutions that leverage technology and innovative finance to boost access to key financial products for MSMEs, especially smallholder farming families that are dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. Illustrative examples of enterprises active in this space are:
The Agricultural Promotion Bank (APB) is a state-owned bank in Lao PDR that provides financial services to farmers and rural communities. It was established in 1975 and has since been providing loans and other financial services to farmers and rural communities [13]
Business Case
Market Size and Environment
USD 100 million - USD 1 billion
> 25%
The number of firms operating in finance sector in 2022 increased by 122 firms, a 40% increase from 2021.
The finance industry contributed $834 million to the GDP in 2022
Indicative Return
10% - 15%
The average interest rate for commercial financing is 9-10% per annum, supporting high returns from the market.
Investment Timeframe
Medium Term (5–10 years)
Lao PDR's banking sector is state-dominated, with limited services catering to MSMEs. Given ongoing efforts to enhance financial stability and to modernize banking infrastructure, a 5-10-year investment timeframe is suggested to mature these initiatives targeting MSMEs and agriculture.
Ticket Size
> USD 10 million
Market Risks & Scale Obstacles
Business - Business Model Unproven
Capital - Limited Investor Interest
Capital - CapEx Intensive
Impact Case
Sustainable Development Need
Financial Inclusion: MSMEs and agricultural enterprises in Lao PDR face growth constraints due to limited financial services, impacting overall economic development. (14)
Rural Development: Poverty and lack of access to financial services in agriculture-dependent rural areas hinder sustainable growth. (14)
Environmental Sustainability: Limited financial resources impede the adoption of sustainable farming practices, worsening environmental issues[14].
Gender & Marginalisation
Gender Inequality: Women, especially in rural areas, face considerable hurdles in accessing financial services, contributing to persistent economic gender disparities. Moreover, nearly a quarter of total MSMEs in Lao PDR are owned by women, thereby indicating their significant contribution to the local economy. Adding a gender lens to the provision of financial services is a must. (15) (18)
Rural Marginalisation: Financial exclusion and scarce economic opportunities plague rural populations, particularly among ethnic minority groups.(14)
Youth Exclusion: Limited access to resources, training, and finance for young individuals, primarily in rural areas, hampers entrepreneurial activities.(14)
Expected Development Outcome
Financial Inclusion: The IOA aims to improve the accessibility and availability of financial services, promote MSMEs and agricultural enterprises' growth, and boost overall economic development.
Rural Development: By enhancing financial access in rural areas, the IOA targets alleviation of poverty, fostering sustainable growth and bridging the access to finance gap for MSMEs.
Environmental Sustainability: The IOA's model aims to increase financial resources for adopting sustainable farming practices, addressing environmental concerns
Gender & Marginalisation
Gender Equality: The IOA intends to dismantle barriers women face in accessing financial services, reducing gender economic disparities
Rural Inclusion: By addressing financial exclusion, the IOA seeks to increase economic opportunities for rural populations, particularly ethnic minorities
Youth Inclusion: The IOA's model aspires to provide resources, training, and finance to rural youth, bolstering entrepreneurial activities
Primary SDGs addressed
8.3.1 Proportion of informal employment in total employment, by sector and sex
Informal employment in Lao PDR was 87.9% in 2020. (16)
The target for Decent Work and Economic Growth is to reduce the proportion of informal employment to 70% by 2025, as per the 9th National Socio-Economic Development Plan (NSEDP) of Lao PDR. (9)
10.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
The proportion of people in Lao PDR living below 50% of median income was 28.6% in 2017. (17)
The NSEDP aims to reduce the proportion of people living below 50% of median income to 20% by 2025. (9)
Secondary SDGs addressed
Directly impacted stakeholders
People
Gender inequality and/or marginalization
Planet
Corporates
Public sector
Indirectly impacted stakeholders
People
Planet
Corporates
Public sector
Outcome Risks
Economic instability or downturns could hinder the growth and development of the MSMEs, negatively impacting the intended outcomes
Environmental risks: The adoption of sustainable practices may not be as wide as expected due to short-term costs, thus limiting the intended environmental outcomes
External risk: Political instability, regulatory changes, or natural disasters could disrupt program implementation
Gender inequality risk: Deeply ingrained social norms may inhibit women's access to and control over financial resources
Impact Risks
Evidence risk: Insufficient data or misinterpretation of data may lead to an inaccurate understanding of the actual impacts of the program
Gender inequality risk: Without careful management, financial services could exacerbate gender inequalities, for example, if men control women's access to these services
Stakeholder participation risk: Misunderstanding or neglecting the expectations of stakeholders could lead to reduced impact
Execution risk: Activities may not be delivered as planned due to operational challenges, reducing the expected impact
Gender inequality risk: Without careful management, financial services could exacerbate gender inequalities, for example, if men control women's access to these services
Impact Classification
What
The IOA is expected to improve economic growth and reduce income inequality in Lao PDR by supporting MSMEs and promoting decent work
Who
The program will directly impact informal workers and those living below the median income, who are currently underserved in terms of access to financial services and decent work opportunities
Risk
There are various risks to the anticipated impact, including economic instability, gender inequality, environmental risks, and external risks such as political instability and natural disasters
Contribution
The IOA contributes to a new positive outcome by supporting the growth and formalization of MSMEs, thereby creating decent work opportunities and reducing income inequality
How Much
The IOA can contribute in reducing the proportion of informal employment to 70% and the proportion of people living below 50% of median income to 20% by 2025.
Impact Thesis
IOA supports MSMEs, promoting decent work and financial inclusion to stimulate growth and reduce income inequality in Lao PDR.
Enabling Environment
Policy Environment
Lao PDR's Agricultural Development Strategy aims to provide accessible financing for the family agricultural sector and MSMEs, promoting sustainable growth and development.
The Financial Inclusion for Family Agricultural Sector directive aims to enhance access to financial services for the family agricultural sector, enabling them to invest in their businesses and improve productivity.
The Enhancing Access to Finance for MSMEs directive aims to facilitate more accessible access to financing options for MSMEs, enabling them to expand their operations and contribute to the economy.
The Support for Sustainable Financing in the IOA Sector directive focuses on promoting sustainable financing options for the IOA sector, ensuring long-term viability and growth.
The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Development Strategy focuses on creating an enabling environment for MSMEs, including access to financing and support for their growth.
Financial Environment
The Government of Lao PDR has established the Small and Medium Enterprise Access to Finance Fund (SME AFF), which offers low-interest loans to MSMEs, including those in the family agricultural sector [25]
The Lao PDR government provides tax exemptions and deductions for MSMEs under certain conditions, such as those investing in priority sectors or remote areas, which can include family agriculture-related ventures
Other incentives: Through the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the Lao PDR government provides subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and equipment, aiming to enhance productivity and sustainability within the family agricultural sector
Regulatory Environment
Lao PDR's Banking and Financial Institutions Law provides a regulatory framework for the operation of banks and other financial institutions, including those providing services to MSMEs
Lao PDR's MSME Promotion Law outlines the rights, obligations, and measures for the promotion, protection, and management of MSMEs, including access to finance and support services
Lao PDR's Labour Law outlines regulations around working conditions and workers' rights, relevant for promoting decent work in the agriculture sector
Lao PDR's Microfinance Regulation sets out regulatory requirements for microfinance institutions providing services to the family agricultural sector and MSMEs
Lao PDR's Environmental Protection Law sets out regulations to control and mitigate the impact of business activities on the environment, particularly pertinent to agricultural practices
Marketplace Participants
Government
The Ministry of Industry and Commerce, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and the Bank of the Lao PDR are involved in policymaking and regulation affecting the family agricultural sector and MSMEs
Multilaterals
International organizations like the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) are actively involved in technical and financial support in Lao PDR
Non-Profit
Non-profit organizations like the Lao Microfinance Association, Oxfam, and Save the Children are on the ground providing support to the family agricultural sector and MSMEs
Public-Private Partnership
The Lao National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LNCCI) is an example of a public-private partnership involving the government, private sector, and development partners playing a crucial role in providing support to MSMEs
Private Sector
BCEL Bank, ST Bank, and Acleda Bank are among the key banking institutions providing financial services to MSMEs in Lao PDR
Target Locations
Lao PDR: Vientiane Province
Lao PDR: Champasak Province
Lao PDR: Luang Prabang Province
Lao PDR: Luang Prabang Province
References
- (1) World Bank Data. “Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+).” The World Bank, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FX.OWN.TOTL.FE.ZS?locations=LA
- (2) Asian Development Bank. “Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Economy.” Asian Development Bank, 2022, https://www.adb.org/countries/lao-pdr/economy
- (3) United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF). “Lao PDR Financial Inclusion Refresh (2021).” UN Capital Development Fund, 2021, https://www.uncdf.org/article/7935/lao-pdr-financial-inclusion-refresh-2021
- (4) UNCDF. “Lao PDR Financial Inclusion Refresh (2021).” UN Capital Development Fund, 2021, https://www.uncdf.org/article/7935/lao-pdr-financial-inclusion-refresh-2021
- (5) UNCDF. “Lao PDR Financial Inclusion Refresh (2021).” UN Capital Development Fund, 2021, https://www.uncdf.org/article/7935/lao-pdr-financial-inclusion-refresh-2021
- (6) Investment Promotion Department, Ministry of Planning and Investment. “Financial Sector.” Invest Laos - Lao PDR Investment Promotion Department, Ministry of Planning and Investment, https://investlaos.gov.la/investment-opportunities/financial-sector/
- (7) UNCDF. “Lao PDR Financial Inclusion Refresh (2021).” UN Capital Development Fund, 2021, https://www.uncdf.org/article/7935/lao-pdr-financial-inclusion-refresh-2021
- (8) World Bank. “Overview: Development News, Research, Data.” World Bank, 2023, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lao/overview
- (9) 9th Five-Year National Socio-Economic Development Plan (2021-2025). Lao PDR Government, 2021.
- (10) World Bank. “Lao PDR.” World Bank, 2023, wbl.worldbank.org/content/dam/documents/wbl/2023/snapshots/Lao-pdr.pdf
- (11) World Bank. “Overview: Development News, Research, Data.” World Bank, 2023, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lao/overview
- (12) World Bank. “Lao PDR Economic Monitor August 2021.” World Bank, 2021, https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/147871629861334356/Lao-PDR-Economic-Monitor-August-2021.pdf
- (13) “Agricultural Promotion Bank Co., Ltd.” APB, 2023 https://www.apb.com.la/
- (14) “Lao PDR Financial Inclusion Refresh (2021).” UNCDF. https://www.uncdf.org/article/7935/lao-pdr-financial-inclusion-refresh-2021
- (15) Singh, S. K. “Financial Inclusion and Gender Barriers for Rural Women.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019.
- (16) ILO. Social Protection Platform https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/ShowCountryProfile.action?iso=LA
- (17) United Nations. “Sustainable Development Goals.” United Nations Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2023, https://laopdr.un.org/en/sdgs/8